The European Parliament voted to approve the new bill known as REACH - Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals - after more than three years of debate between industry and environmentalists.
The vote comes weeks after a deal with EU governments settled the most litigious issues.
The European Commission has estimated that the new law will cost the chemical industry between €2.8bn and €5.2bn over the next decade, while it would save Europe €54bn euros over 30 years because a smaller number of people would become ill as a result of exposure to dangerous chemicals.
BASF, the giant chemical manufacturer based in Germany, said it was "well prepared" for the new rules and has estimated its implementation costs would represent approximately €550m spread over 10 years, while development of alternative products based on value for costumers were ongoing.
However, while British trade and industry groups welcomed the new rules, which are supposed to come into force in June next year, reactions from the US were not that positive, as American industry bodies are concerned about trade flow.
The American Chemistry Council (ACC) said the legislation was approved "in a form which will unnecessarily stifle trade and innovation" and that the vote failed to produce workable chemical legislation.
"The compromised package approved by the Parliament has not addressed many of the key concerns repeatedly expressed by industry and major EU trading partners," said Jack Gerard, ACC president and CEO, in a statement.
"A more focused and flexible approach to registration, and a truly risk-based approach to authorisation, could have brought our economies and regulatory systems closer together."
The new legislation requires around 30,000 chemicals to undergo testing by industry and review by a new agency, the European Chemicals Agency (EChA), with the power to ban chemicals posing significant health threats.
The EChA will enforce chemical producers to a 'substitution principle', whereby they are required to come up with safer alternatives to substances deemed dangerous by EChA and submit a 'substitution plan'. If there are no safe alternatives, an R&D list to find substitutions at a later stage should be put forward.
And that's where the main issue lies. Gerard criticised in particular this new requirement for submission of a 'substitution plan' saying it was a "poor use of time, energy and resources, particularly given the reality that viable substitutes are not readily available for every use."
He added that he was concerned that the pressure to find and adopt substitutes will lead to "unintended and potentially adverse consequences."
The law's detractors also include African countries, concerned about exports to the European Union, animal rights groups and the metals sector.
The compromised deal on the proposed REACH regulation was adopted by Parliament yesterday with 529 votes in favour, 98 against and 24 abstentions.
The package will now be forwarded to the EU Council of Ministers for final approval on 18 December. EU nations will then have until 2018 to implement the new rules.
